@font-face{font-family:Figtree;src:url("/learn-articles/breeding-research/assets/figtree.woff2") format('woff2');font-weight:300 900;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:Young;src:url("/learn-articles/breeding-research/assets/young-serif.woff2") format('woff2');font-display:swap}
:root{--ink:#302735;--paper:#fffdf8;--canvas:#f4eedf;--teal:#276f83;--muted:#6b6269;--line:#d8cdbb;--yellow:#f0c84b;--rust:#a64e36}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:24px}body{margin:0;background:var(--canvas);color:var(--ink);font:18px/1.72 Figtree,Arial,sans-serif}a{color:var(--teal);text-underline-offset:4px}a:hover{text-decoration-thickness:2px}a,button,input,textarea{touch-action:manipulation}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,textarea:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--teal);outline-offset:5px}button,input,textarea{font:inherit}button,summary{cursor:pointer}button{border:0}h1,h2,h3,p,figure,blockquote{margin:0}h1,h2{font-family:Young,Georgia,serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.18;letter-spacing:-.8px}h1{font-size:clamp(40px,4.3vw,63px)}h2{font-size:clamp(30px,3vw,42px)}h3{font-size:23px;line-height:1.35;margin:25px 0 14px}p+p{margin-top:19px}img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.wrap{max-width:1280px;padding:0 54px;margin:auto}.reading{max-width:740px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.eyebrow{font:700 11px/1.5 Figtree,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--teal)}.eyebrow span{margin:0 8px;color:var(--muted)}.meta,.source-note{font-size:13px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted)}.meta{margin-top:24px}.source-note a{color:var(--teal)}.brand{font-family:Young,Georgia,serif;font-size:25px;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.8px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--teal)}.brand span{display:block;font:600 10px/1.7 Figtree,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink);margin-top:6px}header{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:26px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);gap:20px}.quiet-link{font-size:14px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}.skip{position:fixed;left:15px;top:15px;padding:12px;background:var(--paper);z-index:5;transform:translateY(-180%)}.skip:focus{transform:none}.hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.12fr;gap:40px;align-items:center;padding:62px 0 46px}.hero h1{margin-top:21px}.dek{font-size:20px;line-height:1.55;margin-top:24px}.hero-photo img{border-radius:60px 60px 8px 60px;aspect-ratio:1.13;object-fit:cover;object-position:40% center}.hero-photo figcaption{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);padding:13px 9px}.button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-height:48px;gap:10px;background:var(--teal);color:white;border:1px solid var(--teal);border-radius:14px 14px 4px 14px;font-weight:650;font-size:14px;line-height:1.4;text-decoration:none;padding:13px 21px}.hero .button{margin-top:25px}.button:hover{background:#205b6c}.button.secondary{background:transparent;color:var(--teal)}.button.secondary:hover{background:#e5eae5}.contents{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px 20px;flex-wrap:wrap;border-block:1px solid var(--line);padding:11px 0}.contents a{font-size:14px;text-decoration:none;min-height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center}.opening{padding:47px 0 10px;font-size:20px}.section{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:57px 0}.section-title{display:flex;gap:22px;align-items:flex-start;margin:0 0 31px}.section-title .eyebrow{margin-bottom:11px}.marker{font-size:19px;min-width:42px;height:42px;display:grid;place-items:center;border:1px solid #b9c8c7;border-radius:50%;color:var(--teal);margin-top:2px}.split{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:45px;align-items:start}.photo img{width:100%;border-radius:30px 30px 5px 30px}.photo figcaption{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.55;padding:13px 6px}.small{padding-top:5px}.margin-note{display:flex;gap:23px;max-width:850px;margin:32px auto 0;padding:25px 30px;border-left:3px solid var(--yellow);background:#eee6d5;font-size:16px;line-height:1.65}.margin-note>span{font-size:29px;color:var(--teal)}.photo-pull{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr 1fr;gap:45px;align-items:center;margin:36px 0}.pull>p:nth-child(2){font-family:Young,Georgia,serif;font-size:31px;line-height:1.35}.pull .small-copy{font-size:16px;margin-top:20px}.chart{margin:34px auto;background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:24px 24px 5px 24px;padding:32px 37px;max-width:1000px}.figure-heading{margin-bottom:15px}.figure-heading h3{font-family:Young,Georgia,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:30px;letter-spacing:-.5px;margin:10px 0}.figure-heading>p:last-child{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px}.chart picture{display:block;max-width:880px;margin:auto}.chart img{width:100%;height:auto}.chart figcaption{font-size:16px;line-height:1.65;margin:20px 0 14px}.chart .source-note{margin:14px 0}.chart details{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:22px;padding-top:14px;font-size:14px}summary{font-weight:650;color:var(--teal);min-height:44px;padding:10px 0;line-height:1.45}details p{margin:14px 0}.table-wrap{overflow:auto;margin:12px 0 20px}table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;text-align:left}th,td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:13px 12px;vertical-align:top}th{font-weight:650}thead{background:#eee9de}caption{font-size:13px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:13px;color:var(--muted)}.exercise{max-width:850px;margin:31px auto;padding:31px 36px;background:#e6ece7;border-radius:24px 24px 5px 24px}.exercise h3{font-family:Young,Georgia,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:27px;margin:13px 0}.exercise>p{font-size:16px}fieldset{border:0;margin:22px 0;padding:0;display:grid;gap:10px}fieldset label{background:var(--paper);border:1px solid #c6d1ca;display:flex;gap:12px;padding:15px 18px;align-items:flex-start;font-size:16px;line-height:1.5;border-radius:8px}fieldset label:has(input:checked){border:2px solid var(--teal);padding:14px 17px}input[type=radio]{width:19px;height:19px;flex-shrink:0;accent-color:var(--teal);margin:3px 0 0}.feedback{padding:15px 0;min-height:94px;border-top:1px solid #c2cfc5}.exercise details{font-size:15px}.source-excerpt{margin:36px auto;max-width:850px;padding:32px 0 32px 32px;border-left:4px solid var(--yellow)}blockquote{font-family:Young,Georgia,serif;font-size:27px;line-height:1.45;margin:17px 0}.source-excerpt>p{font-size:16px}.source-excerpt .source-note{font-size:13px}.wide-photo{max-width:1000px;margin:32px auto}.worksheet{background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:35px 40px;border-radius:24px 24px 5px 24px;margin:30px auto 20px;max-width:960px}.sheet-top{border-bottom:2px solid var(--teal);padding-bottom:17px;margin-bottom:23px}.sheet-top h3{font-family:Young,Georgia,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:28px;margin:12px 0 0}.fields{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:23px 25px}.fields label{font-size:15px;font-weight:650;line-height:1.5}textarea{display:block;width:100%;resize:vertical;background:#fcfaf4;color:var(--ink);border:1px solid #c6bdae;border-radius:5px;padding:12px;margin-top:8px;font-size:15px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5}textarea::placeholder{color:#716971}.actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;align-items:center;margin-top:28px}.actions p{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);width:100%;min-height:21px;margin:0}.worksheet-section>.source-note{max-width:900px;margin:auto}.sources{padding:50px 0}.sources h2{margin:15px 0 24px;font-size:32px}.sources ol{padding-left:23px;max-width:900px;font-size:15px}.sources li{padding:0 0 16px 6px}.sources .meta{max-width:800px}footer{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:25px;align-items:center;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:26px 0 35px;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}footer .brand{font-size:20px}footer a{font-size:13px}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}
@media(max-width:950px){.wrap{padding:0 30px}.hero{gap:25px}.hero h1{font-size:43px}.hero-photo img{aspect-ratio:.9}.split{gap:28px}.chart{padding:28px}.pull>p:nth-child(2){font-size:27px}}
@media(max-width:760px){body{font-size:17px;line-height:1.7}.wrap{padding:0 22px}header{padding:21px 0}.brand{font-size:22px}.quiet-link{font-size:12px;max-width:120px;text-align:right}.hero{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;padding:35px 0 28px;gap:29px}.hero h1{font-size:42px;letter-spacing:-.9px}.hero .eyebrow{font-size:10px}.hero .dek{font-size:19px;margin-top:21px}.hero-photo img{aspect-ratio:1.45;object-position:center;border-radius:30px 30px 5px 30px}.hero .meta{font-size:12px}.contents{justify-content:flex-start;gap:0 24px;padding:8px 0}.contents a{font-size:13px}.opening{padding:32px 0 0;font-size:18px}.section{padding:37px 0}.section-title{gap:13px;margin-bottom:25px}.section-title h2{font-size:30px}.marker{font-size:14px;min-width:31px;height:31px}.section-title .eyebrow{font-size:9px}.split,.photo-pull{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:23px}.photo-pull{margin:26px 0}.pull>p:nth-child(2){font-size:27px}.pull .small-copy{margin-top:16px}.margin-note{padding:20px 18px;gap:13px;font-size:15px}.margin-note>span{font-size:22px}.chart{margin:27px -7px;padding:23px 17px;border-radius:20px 20px 4px 20px}.figure-heading h3{font-size:26px}.figure-heading>p:last-child{font-size:12px}.chart figcaption{font-size:15px;margin-top:15px}.chart .source-note{font-size:12px}.chart details{font-size:13px}.chart th,.chart td{padding:10px 7px;font-size:12px}.exercise{padding:25px 20px;margin:27px -2px}.exercise h3{font-size:25px}.exercise fieldset label{font-size:15px;padding:13px}.exercise fieldset label:has(input:checked){padding:12px}.source-excerpt{padding:24px 0 24px 22px}.source-excerpt blockquote{font-size:24px}.worksheet{padding:24px 19px;margin:25px -3px}.fields{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.sheet-top h3{font-size:25px}.actions .button{width:100%}.sources{padding:35px 0}.sources h2{font-size:29px}.sources li{font-size:14px}footer{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:17px}footer>span:nth-child(2){order:3;flex-basis:100%}.photo img{border-radius:23px 23px 4px 23px}}
@media(max-width:360px){.wrap{padding:0 17px}.hero h1{font-size:36px}.hero .eyebrow span{margin:0 3px}.hero .eyebrow{letter-spacing:1px}.section-title h2{font-size:27px}.chart{padding:20px 12px}.chart th,.chart td{font-size:11px;padding:8px 5px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}
@media print{body{background:white;font-size:11pt}.wrap{max-width:none;padding:0}header,.contents,.button,.exercise,.actions,footer{display:none!important}.hero{padding:0 0 20px}.hero h1{font-size:30pt}.hero-photo{max-width:45%}.section{padding:22px 0}.section-title h2{font-size:23pt}.chart,.photo{break-inside:avoid}.chart{padding:15px}details{display:block}.source-note{font-size:9pt}.worksheet{border:0;padding:0}textarea{min-height:68px;resize:none;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid #999;background:white;font-size:10pt}body.print-sheet header,body.print-sheet .hero,body.print-sheet .contents,body.print-sheet .opening,body.print-sheet .section:not(.worksheet-section),body.print-sheet .sources,body.print-sheet footer,body.print-sheet .worksheet-section>.reading,body.print-sheet .worksheet-section>.section-title,body.print-sheet .worksheet-section>.source-note{display:none!important}body.print-sheet .worksheet-section{border:0;padding:0}body.print-sheet .worksheet{margin:0}body.print-sheet .fields{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:15px 20px}body.print-sheet .fields label{font-size:10pt}body.print-sheet .sheet-top h3{font-size:20pt}body.print-sheet .sheet-top{margin-bottom:15px}}

.print-value{display:none}@media print{.fields textarea{display:none}.fields .print-value{display:block;white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:anywhere;min-height:75px;padding:10px 5px;border-bottom:1px solid #999;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;margin-top:8px}.fields label{break-inside:avoid}}

.skip:not(:focus){clip-path:inset(100%);width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;overflow:hidden}